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Fig. 3 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 3

From: IL-10 production by granulocytes promotes Staphylococcus aureus craniotomy infection

Fig. 3

IL-10 loss results in an increased proinflammatory signature in T cells infiltrating the infected brain. A Quantification of CD4+ and ɣδ T cell infiltrates in the brain of IL-10 knockout (KO; n = 17) and wild type (WT; n = 15–16) mice at days 7 and 14 post-infection. Results are combined from three independent experiments (mean ± SEM) and significant differences between IL-10 KO and WT mice are denoted by asterisks (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; unpaired Student’s t-test). In B and C, CD3 cells were isolated from the brains of WT and IL-10 KO animals at day 14 post-infection by magnetic bead separation and stimulated immediately ex vivo with PMA + ionomycin (50 ng/mL and 1 µM, respectively) in the presence of brefeldin A (5 μg/mL) for 5 h. Cells were stained with CD4 and ɣδ TCR antibodies, and subsequently fixed and permeabilized to evaluate IFN-ɣ, IL-17A, and TNF production by intracellular cytokine staining, where B percent cytokine-positive cells and C flow plots are presented from three independent experiments (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; unpaired Student’s t-test)

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