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Fig. 3 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 3

From: An ocular Th1 immune response promotes corneal nerve damage independently of the development of corneal epitheliopathy

Fig. 3

Th1 and Th2-skewing of the adaptive immune response in the ocular surface of wild-type mice. A Wild-type (wt) mice were immunized with OVA in combination with either complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) or alum to induce a Th1- or Th2-skewed immune response, respectively. Three weeks later, mice were given saline or OVA eye drops daily for 10 days to induce an ocular immune response. B Delayed-type hypersensitivity response to footpad OVA injection in immunized wt mice. Pooled data (left) and representative images (right) of footpads. C Serum OVA-specific IgE levels in wt mice 30 days after immunization as assessed by ELISA. Upper and lower reference lines correspond to positive (alum-immunized) and negative (non-immune) wild-type controls from another experiment. D Representative dot plots and E pooled data of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-17 production by CD4+ T cells obtained from spleens of immunized mice. F Pooled data of ratio of IL-4/IFN-γ producing CD4+ T cells. G Representative photographs of mouse eyes on day 31 of the experiment. H) Conjunctival CD4+ T cells in immunized mice as assessed by flow cytometry (pooled data). All experiments were performed twice or more with 6 mice/group/experiment. For all experiments, mean ± standard error of measurement is shown. To compare means, Student’s t test was used for B, C, E, and F, and two-way ANOVA (immunization and ocular challenge) was used for H. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ns not significant

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