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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). In recent years, it has been found that cells such as human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) have the ability t...
Inflammation due to remote pathogen exposure combined to hypoxia/ischemia (HI) is one of the most common causes of neonatal encephalopathy affecting at-term or near-term human newborn, which will consequently ...
During inflammation, the kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolises the essential amino acid tryptophan (TRP) potentially contributing to excitotoxicity via the release of quinolinic acid (QUIN) and 3-hydroxykynureni...
Large-scale macrophage infiltration and reactive astrogliosis are hallmarks of early spinal cord injury (SCI) pathology. The exact nature of the macrophage response and relationship between these phenomena hav...
Recent findings have led to a renewed interest and support for an active role of inflammation in neurodegenerative dementias and related neurologic disorders. Detection of neuroinflammation in vivo throughout the...
Schwann cells are the myelinating glial cells of the peripheral nervous system and exert important regenerative functions revealing them as central repair components of many peripheral nerve pathologies. Intra...
The brain’s initial innate response to stroke is primarily mediated by microglia, the resident macrophage of the CNS. However, as early as 4 h after stroke, the blood–brain barrier is compromised and monocyte ...
With the increasing popularity of mobile phones, the potential hazards of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) on the auditory system remain unclear. Apart from RF-EMR, humans are also exposed to ...
To evaluate the role of NADPH oxidase-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis, we examined the effects of apocynin, an NADPH oxidase assembly inhibitor, on experime...
The acupuncture or electroacupuncture (EA) shows the therapeutic effect on various neurodegenerative diseases. This effect was thought to be partially achieved by its ability to alleviate existing neuroinflamm...
Heat stress induces many pathophysiological responses and has a profound impact on brain structure. It has been demonstrated that exposure to high temperature induces cognitive impairment in experimental anima...
Activity of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) in mouse oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) modulates vulnerability to excitotoxic challenge. The mechanism by which COX-2 renders OPCs more sensitive to excitotoxicity...
TANK-binding kinase (TBK1) is a non-canonical IκB kinase (IKK) involved in the regulation of type I interferons and of NF-κB signal transduction. It is activated by viral infections and inflammatory mediators ...
Fenofibrate, a PPAR-α activator, has shown promising results as a neuroprotective therapy, with proposed anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. However, it displays poor blood-brain barrier permeability l...
The Erratum to this article has been published in Journal of Neuroinflammation 2017 14:146
Chemokines and chemokine receptors cooperate to promote immune cell recruitment to the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, we investigated the roles of CXCR2 and CXCL1 in leukocyte recruitment to the ...
miR21, miR146, and miR155 represent a trio of microRNAs which has been shown to play a key role in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. In the present study, we investigated the differential ex...
Chronic neuropathic pain is a neuro-immune disorder, characterised by allodynia, hyperalgesia and spontaneous pain, as well as debilitating affective-motivational disturbances (e.g., reduced social interaction...
Active immunization against Aβ was reported to have a therapeutic effect in murine models of Alzheimer’s disease. Clinical Aβ vaccination trial AN1792 was interrupted due to the development in 6 % of the patie...
Phospholipase A2 (PLA2)-derived proinflammatory lipid mediators such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), leukotrienes B4 (LTB4), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), and free fatty acids (FFA) are implicated in spinal cord ...
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common causes of dementia and motor deficits in the elderly. PD is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of the synaptic protein alpha-synuclein (α-syn) and deg...
Retinal ischemia results in a progressive degeneration of neurons and a pathological activation of glial cells, resulting in vision loss. In the brain, progressive damage after ischemic insult has been correla...
Multiple sclerosis is generally considered an autoimmune disease resulting from interaction between predisposing genes and environmental factors, together allowing immunological self-tolerance to be compromise...
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating late onset neurodegenerative disorder that is characterised by the progressive loss of upper and lower motor neurons. The mechanisms underlying ALS pathogen...
4′-O-methylhonokiol (MH) is a natural product showing anti-inflammatory, anti-osteoclastogenic, and neuroprotective effects. MH was reported to modulate cannabinoid CB2 receptors as an inverse agonist for cAMP pr...
The prognosis of bacterial meningitis largely depends on the severity of the inflammatory response. The transcription factor CAAT/enhancer-binding protein δ (C/EBPδ) plays a key role in the regulation of the i...
Aging is not just a risk factor of stroke, but it has also been associated with poor recovery. It is known that stroke-induced neurogenesis is reduced but maintained in the aged brain. However, there is no con...
FTY720 (fingolimod, Gilenya™), a structural analog of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), is the first oral drug approved for treatment the relapsing-remitting form of multiple sclerosis (MS), and its efficacy has ...
Inflammation of forebrain and hindbrain nuclei controlling the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) outflow from the brain to the periphery represents an emerging concept of the pathogenesis of neurogenic hyperten...
Amyloid β (Aβ)-induced vascular dysfunction significantly contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Aβ is known to impair endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, thus inhibiting e...
Intracerebral infection of susceptible mouse strains with Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) results in chronic demyelinating disease with progressive axonal loss and neurologic dysfunction simila...
The inflammatory mediator lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been shown to induce acute gliosis in neonatal mice. However, the progressive effects on the murine neurodevelopmental program over the week that follows ...
Recently, the role of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) as the principal regulator of simultaneous prostaglandin synthesis and endocannabinoid receptor activation in the CNS was demonstrated. To expand upon previ...
Increasing evidence suggests that toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. The endogenous ligands released from ischemic neurons activate the TLR signaling pat...
Therapeutic modalities effective in patients with progressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) are limited. In a murine model of progressive MS, the sustained disability during the chronic phase of experimenta...
In an important article published in Nature Medicine, Liu and colleagues described a novel CD4+ FoxA1+ regulatory T (Treg) cell population as distinct regulators of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) a...
Microglia reactivity is a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases. We have previously identified activated microglia/macrophage whey acidic protein (AMWAP) as a counter-regulator of pro-inflammatory response. H...
The immunological response during the first 24 hours after traumatic brain injury (TBI) may be a critical therapeutic interval for limiting the secondary neuronal damage that is influenced by enhanced inflamma...
Social deficit is one of the core symptoms of neuropsychiatric diseases, in which immune genes play an important role. Although a few immune genes have been shown to regulate social and emotional behaviors, ho...
Alzheimer’s disease remains incurable, and the failures of current disease-modifying strategies for Alzheimer’s disease could be attributed to a lack of in vivo models that recapitulate the underlying etiology of...
Ischemic stroke causes a high rate of deaths and permanent neurological damage in survivors. Ischemic stroke triggers the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) such as high-mobility group box...
Clinically significant dysregulation of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family proteins occurs in HIV-infected individuals, but the details including whether the deficiencies in IGFs contribute to CNS dys...
Neuro-inflammation has long been implicated as a contributor to the progression of Alzheimer’s disease in both humans and animal models. Type-1 interferons (IFNs) are pleiotropic cytokines critical in mediatin...
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid that acts through a family of five G-protein-coupled receptors (S1PR1–5) and plays a key role in regulating the inflammatory response. Our previous studie...
Evidence from clinical studies and preclinical animal models suggests that proinflammatory cytokine overproduction is a potential driving force for pathology progression in traumatic brain injury (TBI). This r...
The original article was published in Journal of Neuroinflammation 2014 11:198
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-γ (IFNγ) increase expression of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα) that characterizes the M1 activation state of macrophages. Whereas it is accepted that the immune system ...
Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly reduced the morbidity and mortality in HIV patients, virus continues to reside in the central nervous system (CNS) reservoir. Hence, a co...
Adult neurogenesis in the subgranular zone of the hippocampus is involved in learning, memory, and mood control. Decreased hippocampal neurogenesis elicits significant behavioral changes, including cognitive i...
Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) has been shown to act as a neuroprotectant in animal models of nerve agent intoxication and other acute brain injuries. We recently demonstrated that NRG-1 blocked delayed neuronal death i...
Oligodendrocytes are myelinating cells of the central nervous system which support functionally, structurally, and metabolically neurons. Mature oligodendrocytes are generally believed to be mere targets of de...
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Journal of Neuroinflammation