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Table 3 Crude and adjusted odds ratios with their 95% CIs Comparing levels of newborn blood spot cytokines/chemokines among children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), developmental delays (DD) and general population controls (GP) - the Early Markers for Autism study

From: Neonatal cytokines and chemokines and risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder: the Early Markers for Autism (EMA) study: a case-control study

Exposure

Exposure categories

Developmental category

ASD versus GP

DD versus GP

  

ASD (N = 84) n (%)

DD (N = 49) n (%)

TD (N = 159) n (%)

Crude OR (95% CI)

Adjusted ORa( 95% CI)

Crude OR (95% CI)

Adjusted ORb(95% CI)

MCP-1

Q1

27 (32.14)

17 (34.69)

41 (25.79)

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Q2

13 (15.48)

14 (28.57)

39 (24.53)

0.50 (0.23 – 1.12)

0.49 (0.20 – 1.20)

0.86 (0.37 – 1.99)

0.52 (0.16 – 1.71)

Q3

15 (17.86)

9 (18.37)

39 (24.53)

0.58 (0.27 – 1.26)

0.48 (0.20 – 1.14)

0.55 (0.22 – 1.39)

0.45 (0.13 – 1.54)

Q4

29 (34.52)

9 (18.37)

40 (25.16)

1.10 (0.55 – 2.17)

0.93 (0.43 – 2.01)

0.54 (0.21 – 1.35)

0.55 (0.15 – 1.97)

≤ 90%

66 (78.57)

45 (91.84)

143 (89.94)

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

> 90%

18 (21.43)

4 (8.16)

16 (10.06)

2.43 (1.17 – 5.07)

3.24 (1.41 – 7.47)

-

-

MIP-1α

Q1

23 (27.38)

22 (44.90)

41 (25.79)

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Q2

20 (23.81)

7 (14.29)

39 (24.53)

0.91 (0.43 – 1.92)

0.86 (0.36 – 2.02)

0.33 (0.12 – 0.87)

0.21 (0.05 – 0.78)

Q3

19 (22.62)

13 (26.53)

42 (26.42)

0.80 (0.38 – 1.69)

1.01 (0.37 – 2.70)

0.57 (0.25 – 1.29)

0.36 (0.10 – 1.23)

Q4

22 (26.19)

7 (14.29)

37 (23.27)

1.06 (0.50 – 2.20)

1.53 (0.52 – 4.49)

0.35 (0.13 – 0.92)

0.29 (0.06 – 1.35)

>10%

70 (83.33)

14 (28.57)

143 (89.94)

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

≤ 10%

14 (16.67)

35 (71.43)

16 (10.06)

1.78 (0.82 – 3.86)

1.72 (0.71 – 4.14)

3.57 (1.59 – 8.01)

3.36 (1.16 – 9.69) c

≤ 90%

70 (83.33)

46 (93.88)

140 (88.05)

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

> 90%

14 (16.67)

3 (6.12)

19 (11.95)

1.47 (0.69 – 3.11)

1.76 (0.70 – 4.39)

-

-

RANTES

Q1

26 (30.95)

21 (42.86)

40 (25.16)

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Q2

23 (27.38)

9 (18.37)

40 (25.16)

0.88 (0.43 – 1.80)

0.82 (0.37 – 1.81)

0.42 (0.17 – 1.04)

0.34 (0.10 – 1.15)

Q3

20 (23.81)

14 (28.57)

40 (25.16)

0.76 (0.37 – 1.59)

0.63 (0.28 – 1.43)

0.66 (0.29 – 1.49)

0.55 (0.19 – 1.58)

Q4

15 (17.86)

5 (10.20)

39 (24.53)

0.59 (0.27 – 1.28)

0.46 (0.18 – 1.16)

0.24 (0.08 – 0.71)

0.14 (0.03 – 0.62)

> 10%

68 (80.95)

33 (67.35)

143 (89.94)

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

≤ 10%

16 (19.05)

16 (32.65)

16 (10.06)

2.10 (0.99 – 4.45)

2.42 (1.05 – 5.55)

4.33 (1.96 – 9.54)

3.78 (1.29 – 11.03)

≤ 90%

79 (94.05)

46 (93.88)

143 (89.94)

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

> 90%

5 (5.95)

3 (6.12)

16 (10.06)

0.56 (0.20 – 1.60)

0.59 (0.18 – 1.89)

-

-

Eotaxin

Q1

25 (29.76)

17 (34.69)

41 (25.79)

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Q2

23 (27.38)

9 (18.37)

37 (23.27)

1.02 (0.49 – 2.09)

0.95 (0.42 – 2.14)

0.58 (0.23 – 1.47)

0.88 (0.27 – 2.85)

Q3

19 (22.62)

12 (24.49)

42 (26.42)

0.74 (0.35 – 1.54)

0.58 (0.25 – 1.32)

0.68 (0.29 – 1.62)

0.62 (0.20 – 1.88)

Q4

17 (20.24)

11 (22.45)

39 (24.53)

0.71 (0.33 – 1.52)

0.60 (0.20 – 1.79)

0.68 (0.28 –1.63)

1.11 (0.27 – 4.58)

≤ 90%

76 (90.48)

44 (89.80)

143 (89.94)

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

> 90%

8 (9.52)

5 (10.20)

16 (10.06)

0.94 (0.38 – 2.29)

1.10 (0.36 – 3.34)

1.01 (0.35 – 2.93)

1.24 ( 0.34 – 4.42)c

IFN-γ

Non-detected

65 (77.38)

42 (85.71)

116 (72.96)

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Detected

19 (22.62)

7 (14.29)

43 (27.04)

0.78 (0.42 – 1.46)

0.91 (0.47 – 1.75)

0.45 (0.18 – 1.07)

0.64 (0.23 – 1.76)c

IL-1β

Non-detected

65 (77.38)

39 (79.59)

122 (76.73)

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Detected

19 (22.62)

10 (20.41)

37 (23.27)

0.96 (0.51 – 1.80)

1.11(0.52 –2.35)

0.84 (0.38 – 1.85)

0.65 (0.19 – 2.23)

IL-2

Non-detected

57 (67.86)

41 (83.67)

110 (69.18)

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Detected

27 (32.14)

8 (16.33)

49 (30.82)

1.06 (0.60 – 1.87)

1.14 (0.38 – 3.43)

0.43 (0.19 – 1.00)

0.26 (0.01 – 8.76)

IL-4

Non-detected

65 (77.38)

42 (85.71)

118 (74.21)

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Detected

19 (22.62)

7 (14.29)

41 (25.79)

0.84 (0.45 – 1.56)

0.95 (0.49 – 1.85)

0.48 (0.20 – 1.15)

0.64 (0.23 – 1.80)c

IL-6

Non-detected

65 (77.38)

39 (79.59

119 (74.84)

Reference

Reference

Reference

 

Detected

19 (22.62)

10 (20.41)

40 (25.16)

0.87 (0.46 – 1.62)

1.01 (0.52 – 1.96)

0.76 (0.34 – 1.66)

0.91 (0.35 – 2.35)c

IL-10

Non-detected

45 (53.57)

25 (51.02)

86 (54.09)

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 

Detected

39 (46.43)

24 (48.98)

73 (45.91)

1.02 (0.60 – 1.73)

0.17 (0.02 – 1.55)

1.13 (0.59 – 2.14)

1.53 (0.68 – 3.48)c

  1. aResults adjusted for maternal place of birth, child birth month, birth year, gender and specimen plate number.
  2. bResults adjusted for maternal place of birth, child year of birth, gender, specimen plate number and child age at blood draw.
  3. cResults adjusted for maternal place of birth, child year of birth, gender and child age at blood draw.
  4. For MCP-1 and eotaxin, comparison between ≤ 10% versus > 10% was not possible because more than 5% of the sample was below MDL.
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Journal of Neuroinflammation

ISSN: 1742-2094