Figure 7From: TGFβ signaling in the brain increases with aging and signals to astrocytes and innate immune cells in the weeks after strokeTGFβ signaling in reactive astrocytes increases in the stroke penumbra after stroke. A.) Representative image (40×) showing GFAP (astrocytes) colocalized with pSmad2 after stroke. Image is from a young female mouse at day 14 post stroke. See additional file 4 for a 3D projection B.) GFAP immunoreactivity increases in the first 7 days after stroke with the majority of astrocytes colocalizing with pSmad2 (*p < 0.05 compared to sham).Back to article page