Figure 1From: GM-CSF increases LPS-induced production of proinflammatory mediators via upregulation of TLR4 and CD14 in murine microgliaGranulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) receptor complex is predominantly expressed in microglia in the central nervous system (CNS). (A) The expression levels of GM-CSF Rα and GM-CSF Rβ mRNA in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia were analyzed by semi-quantitative PCR. (B) Surface expression of GM-CSF Rα in neurons, astrocytes and microglia was analyzed by immunocytochemistry. Data are representative of three independent experiments. Scale bar represents 50 μm.Back to article page