Fig. 3

Effect of pre-treatment with NaSH or STS on released levels of TNFα (a, c) or IL-6 (b, d) from LPS/IFNγ-activated THP-1 cells (a, b) or LPS/IFNγ-activated microglia (c, d). 8 h pre-incubation with NaSH or STS was performed before LPS/IFNγ was exposed to the cells for 2 days. Values are mean ± SEM, n = 4. a, b Two-way ANOVA was carried out to test significance. Multiple comparisons were followed with post hoc Bonferroni tests. ⁺ P < 0.01 for LPS/IFNγ-activated groups compared with control (CON) groups in each condition, *P < 0.01 for NaSH- or STS-treated groups compared with LPS/IFNγ-activated groups, ^# P < 0.01 for STS-treated groups compared with NaSH groups in each condition. Note that both compounds attenuated released levels of TNFα and IL-6 from both cell types in a concentration-dependent manner