Fig. 4

Effect of teriflunomide on the expression of pro- or anti-inflammatory mediators and growth factors in primary microglia. Expression of a pro- and b anti-inflammatory mediators in microglia with or without 12 h pre-treatment of teriflunomide (0.25–5 μM) followed by 12 h stimulation with 100 ng/ml LPS/50 ng/ml IFN-γ (black column), 20 ng/ml IL-4 (gray column), or medium (white column). Data represent five to six biological replicates as mean ± SD. Results were presented as the fold-change normalized to the expression of the reference gene Hprt1 and were calculated relative to unstimulated and untreated cells. Statistical analysis was performed using repeated measures ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc tests. P values <0.05 were considered significant. Asterisks denote a significant difference versus the stimulated and untreated control (0 μM teriflunomide; *p < 0.05)