Fig. 3

In vitro effects of ethanol and opioid receptor agonists on MOR and DOR and TLR4 pathway protein levels in hypothalamic microglia. Representative photographs of immunostaining of a IBA-1-, b MOR-, and c DOR-positive cells in microglia maintained in primary cultures. Scale bars are 200 μm/each. Bar graphs are showing the effects of ethanol (50 mM) with or without MOR agonist (DAMGO, 50 μM) or DOR agonist (DPDPE, 10 nM) on protein levels of MOR (d), DOR (e), OX6 (f), p38 MAPK (g), p-AKT (h), NF-κB (i). The protein levels were measured by Western blot. Treatment time was 24 h. Data are represented as mean ± SEM (n = 6–8). Data of all groups were compared by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Newman-Keuls posttest. Differences between control and other treatment groups or ethanol and ethanol and opioidergic drug treatment groups are shown by lines with p values on the top of bar graphs