Fig. 6

Compositional differences in gut microbiota by 16S rRNA sequencing of intestinal luminal content. A(i) Visualization of beta-diversity, or between-samples diversity, with weighted UniFrac distances by principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) shows a clustering effect by strain between mice at 3 days post-stroke compared to age-matched sham controls in PBS vehicle-treated groups (P = 0.001). A(ii) Cladogram showing increased bacterial changes from the phylum to genus levels in 3 days post-stroke animals with vehicle-PBS-treated groups compared to sham groups. A(iii) Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score represents linear combination of features, i.e., family level which separates 2 groups (Groups: Sham-Vehicle compared to Stroke-Vehicle-treated groups for 3 days). Green bars are the family and class level (of the phylogenetic tree) that is upregulated in stroke PBS groups compared to the red bar that are downregulated in Sham PBS groups. B(i) Visualization of beta-diversity, or between-samples diversity, with weighted UniFrac distances by principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) shows no effect between mice at 3 days post-stroke compared to age-matched sham controls in cromolyn-treated groups (P = 0.476). B(ii) Cladogram showing no significant changes in bacterial diversity from the phylum to genus levels in 3 days post-stroke animals with cromolyn-treated groups compared to respective sham groups. B(iii) Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score represents linear combination of features, i.e., family level which separates 2 groups (Groups: Sham-cromolyn compared to Stroke-cromolyn-treated groups 3 days post-stroke). Green bars are the family and class level (of the phylogenetic tree) that is upregulated in stroke cromolyn groups compared to the red bar that are downregulated in sham cromolyn groups