Fig. 4 

Interferon response in nasal cavity and OB is delayed relative to infection. A, B Induction of endogenous type-I interferons, IFNα (A) and IFNβ (B), expression within nasal cavity and olfactory bulb homogenates following intranasal inoculation of VEEV–ZPC-738 (10 pfu). C–H Upregulation of candidate interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) associated with restricting VEEV and/or alphavirus replication induced nasal cavity and olfactory bulb homogenates at various timepoints following intranasal inoculation of VEEV–ZPC-738 (10 pfu). Error bars indicate mean ± SEM, N = 5–6. ΔCq were compared via one-way ANOVA, followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test. Statistical values are indicated as follows *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001 unless otherwise stated