Fig. 1

Microfold cell counts were increased in the colons of 5xFAD and 5xFAD-FMT mice. A, B Expression of M cells-related genes in the colons of 5xFAD A and 5xFAD-FMT B mice (n = 4–5 per group). C and E Representative images of GP2⁺ cells in the colons of 5xFAD C and 5xFAD-FMT E mice; scale bar, 20 μm. The quantification of GP2⁺ cells in the colons of 5xFAD D and 5xFAD-FMT F mice (n = 3–5 per group). G and I The level of total bacteria was measured in the colons of 5xFAD G and 5xFAD-FMT I using qRT-PCR (n = 5–9 per group). H, J Correlation analysis of total bacteria and Gp2 was analyzed in the colons of WT and 5xFAD mice H and WT-FMT and 5xFAD-FMT mice J. Bars represent as mean ± standard deviation. Statistical analysis included the Student’s t-test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001 vs. WT or WT-FMT mice