Fig. 5

Depletion of microfold cells altered the composition of gut microbiota in 5xFAD mice. A and D The distribution of the relative abundance of gut microbiota at the phylum A and class D levels was observed in the four groups (n = 5 per group). B, C Relative abundance of Bacteroidetes B and Firmicutes C at the phylum level. E and F Relative abundance of Actinomycetia E and Clostridia F at the class level. G–J The gene expression of colonic inflammatory mediators was measured with qRT-PCR (n = 6–8 per group). Bars represent as mean ± standard deviation. Statistical analysis included the two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test. ^#P < 0.05 and ^##P < 0.01 vs. WT mice. *P < 0.05 and ***P < 0.001 vs. 5xFAD mice