Fig. 2

Interferon beta signaling in the hypothalamus upon EAE. A Heatmap of the levels of 45 cytokines in the hypothalamus of EAE and control mice at 20 dpi. Each cell represents the average concentration value expressed in pg/mL. B RT-PCR analysis of Ifnb1 and Ifna2 expression in the hypothalamus upon EAE induction. While Ifna2 was detected at all time points, no Infnb1 transcript was identified in the EAE hypothalamus. Gapdh was used as an internal control. Liver (LV), spleen (SP), adipose (AD) and lung (LG) tissues were used as additional controls. (C) Confocal analysis of co-localization patterns between IFNAR1 (red) and cell-specific markers (green) for neurons (NeuN), astrocytes (GFAP), microglia (CD11b), and oligodendrocytes (OLIG2). Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue). IFNAR1 is expressed in all main cytotypes of the hypothalamus. Differences between experimental groups (N = 5 per group from one EAE immunization) were assessed by Mann–Whitney U-test. Magnification = 80 ×, scale bar = 25 μm. *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01; ***P ≤ 0.005