Fig. 6

CD4 T-cell-mediated neuroinflammation in a late-onset mouse model of ALS. Elevated frequencies of systemic age-related T-cell subsets lead to neurotoxic inflammation in the lumbar SC, a process characterized by APCs activation, infiltration of CD4 (blue) and CD8 (red) T cells, and an upsurge in the expression of genes and proteins involved in antigen presentation and T cell activation. This cascade can be both a precursor to and a consequence of neuronal death