Table 2 The impact of mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction on B cell functioning
From: Mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction of peripheral immune cells in multiple sclerosis
Mechanism of mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction | B cell functions | References |
|---|---|---|
Downregulated high-density lipoprotein (HDL) production by obeticholic acid (OCA) treatment | Reduce the number of B cells and B cell exhaustion | [111] |
Upregulated glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and trisaccharide phosphoisomerase (TPI) in the CSF | Drive B cell clonal expansion | [112] |
BTKi treatment limits OCR in B cells partially through PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway | Attenuate B cell activation and antigen-presenting function | [113] |