Fig. 1
lncRNA expression pattern in the hippocampal–entorhinal system subfields of pathological Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and controls (without AD pathology). (a) Volcano plots of differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELncs) for each subfield. The criteria for identifying DELncs were |log2(fold-change)| > 0.58 and adjusted P < 0.05. Blue dots indicate downregulated lncRNAs, grey dots indicate lncRNAs with no significant changes, and red dots indicate upregulated lncRNAs. CA1–4, cornu ammonis subfields 1–4; EC, entorhinal cortex. (b) Venn diagram displaying the overlap of DELncs across five subfields, with 13 lncRNAs common to all subfields. (c) The extent of upregulation for the 13 common lncRNAs across all five subfields; the color represents the fold-change in pathological AD relative to controls, and the size of the circle represents the adjusted P-value (P.adjust). (d) Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of cis-target genes of DELncs in each subfield