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A sports-related concussion (SRC) is often caused by rapid head rotation at impact, leading to shearing and stretching of axons in the white matter and initiation of secondary inflammatory processes that may e...
Microglia, the brain’s principal immune cells, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a condition shown to affect more females than males. Although sex differences in microglial ...
Neuroinflammation is a widely studied phenomenon underlying various neurodegenerative diseases. Earlier study demonstrated that pharmacological activation of GPR110 in both central and peripheral immune cells ...
The 18kD translocator protein (TSPO) is used as a positron emission tomography (PET) target to quantify neuroinflammation in patients. In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the cerebellum is the pseudo-reference region...
Microglia are the resident innate immune cells in the brain with a major role in orchestrating immune responses. They also provide a frontline of host defense in the central nervous system (CNS) through their ...
Although mainly causing a respiratory syndrome, numerous neurological symptoms have been identified following of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, how the virus affects the brain and how the mutations carried by ...
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (Prmt5) is the main type II methyltransferase, catalyzes protein arginine residue symmetric dimethylation, and modulates normal cellular physiology and disease progression....
Healing of intracranial aneurysms following endovascular treatment relies on the organization of early thrombus into mature scar tissue and neointima formation. Activation and deactivation of the inflammation ...
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease that leads to irreversible damage to the brain and spinal cord. The goal of so-called "immune reconstitution therapies" (IRTs) i...
Dysfunction of microglia during aging affects normal neuronal function and results in the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases. Retinal microglial senescence attributes to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death...
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients initially develop respiratory symptoms, but they may also suffer from neurological symptoms. People with long-lasting effects after acute infections with severe res...
Brain microglia and macrophages (Mi/MΦ) can shift to a harmful or advantageous phenotype following an ischemic stroke. Identification of key molecules that regulate the transformation of resting Mi/MΦ could ai...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an incurable, progressive and devastating neurodegenerative disease. Pathogenesis of AD is associated with the aggregation and accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ), a major neurotoxic ...
Systemic inflammation triggers protective as well as pro-inflammatory responses in the brain based on neuronal and/or cytokine signaling, and it associates with acutely and protractedly disrupted cognition. Ho...
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common neurological complication following anesthesia and surgery. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that neuroinflammation caused by systemic inflammatory re...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in the world. The pathology of AD is affiliated with the elevation of both tau (τ) and β-amyloid (Aβ) pathologies. Yet, the direct link between natural...
Neuroinflammation has been implicated in the initiation and progression of several central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, mul...
Anti-NMDA receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is an autoimmune disease characterized by complex neuropsychiatric syndrome and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) NMDAR antibodies. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell...
Immune inflammatory responses play an important role in spinal cord injury (SCI); however, the beneficial and detrimental effects remain controversial. Many studies have described the role of neutrophils, macr...
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the outer membrane component of Gram-negative bacteria. LPS-binding protein (LBP) is an acute-phase reactant that mediates immune responses triggered by LPS and has been used as a b...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been associated with immune dysregulation in biomarker and genome-wide association studies (GWAS). GWAS hits include the genes encoding complement regulators clusterin (CLU) and compl...
Histone methylation is an important epigenetic modification that affects various biological processes, including the inflammatory response. In this study, we found that infection with Japanese encephalitis vir...
Dementia is a prevalent non-motor manifestation among individuals with advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD). Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is an inflammatory marker derived from astrocytes. Research has ...
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a respiratory failure syndrome that can cause many complications, impacting patients’ quality of life. Behavioral and cognitive disorders have attracted increasing...
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) contributes to most cases of dementia. Its prominent neuropathological features are the extracellular neuritic plaques and intercellular neurofibrillary tangles composed of aggregated ...
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a severe autoimmune neuropsychiatric disease. Brain access of anti-NMDAR autoantibody through the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is essential for pathogene...
Acute exposure to seizurogenic organophosphate (OP) nerve agents (OPNA) such as diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) or soman (GD), at high concentrations, induce immediate status epilepticus (SE), reactive gliosis, ...
Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND), such as delirium and cognitive impairment, are commonly encountered complications in aged patients. The inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a...
Impaired activation and regulation of the extinction of inflammatory cells and molecules in injured neuronal tissues are key factors in the development of epilepsy. SerpinA3N is mainly associated with the acut...
The original article was published in Journal of Neuroinflammation 2021 18:145
In experimental stroke, ovariectomized (OVX) adult rats have larger infarct volumes and greater sensory-motor impairment as compared to ovary-intact females and is usually interpreted to indicate that ovarian ...
Inflammation is a fundamental biological response to injury and infection, which if unregulated can contribute to the pathophysiology of many diseases. The vagus nerve, which primarily originates from the dors...
Neuroinflammation and microglia play critical roles in the development of depression. Cluster of differentiation 200 (CD200) is an anti-inflammatory glycoprotein that is mainly expressed in neurons, and its re...
Macrophage in the spinal cord injury (SCI) area imparts a chronic pro-inflammation effect that challenges the recovery of SCI. Previously, endothelial progenitor cell-produced exosomes (EPC-EXOs) have been not...
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons, which causes disabling motor disorders. Scientific findings support the role of epigenetics mechanism in the...
Brain vascular integrity is critical for brain health, and its disruption is implicated in many brain pathologies, including psychiatric disorders. Brain-vascular barriers are a complex cellular landscape comp...
The existence of an interconnected mechanism between cognitive disorders and periodontitis has been confirmed by mounting evidence. However, the role of age or sex differences in this mechanism has been less s...
Ambient RNAs contamination in single-nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) is a challenging problem, but the consequences of ambient RNAs contamination of damaged and/or diseased tissues are poorly understood. Cog...
Epilepsy is the second most prevalent neurological disease. Although there are many antiseizure drugs, approximately 30% of cases are refractory to treatment. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common ep...
Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is a serious phenotype of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The disturbance of neuron–microglia crosstalk is recently revealed in many neuropsychiatric d...
Chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain (CIPN) describes a pathological pain state that occurs dose-dependently as a side effect and can limit or even impede an effective cancer therapy. Unfortunately, current t...
Neuroinflammation is a vital pathophysiological process during ischemic stroke. Activated astrocytes play a major role in inflammation. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), secreted by activated astrocytes, promotes neuroinfla...
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by a progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, which leads to irreversible loss of peripheral motor functions. Death of dopaminergic neurons induces an inflamm...
Previous studies have shown that Ogt-mediated O-GlcNAcylation is essential for neuronal development and function. However, the function of O-GlcNAc transferase (Ogt) and O-GlcNAcylation in astrocytes remains l...
Cellular adaptation to low oxygen tension triggers primitive pathways that ensure proper cell function. Conditions of hypoxia and low glucose are characteristic of injured tissues and hence successive waves of...
Autoimmune uveitis (AU) is the most common ophthalmic autoimmune disease (AD) and is characterized by a complex etiology, high morbidity, and high rate of blindness. AU remission has been observed in pregnant ...
Germinal matrix hemorrhage is a devastating disease of pre-term infancy commonly resulting in post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus, periventricular leukomalacia, and subsequent neurocognitive deficits. We demonstrat...
Microglial activation is critical for modulating the neuroinflammatory process and the pathological progression of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microglia are involved in formin...
Trigeminal ganglia (TG) neurons are an important site of lifelong latent varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection. Although VZV-specific T-cells are considered pivotal to control virus reactivation, their protec...
Zika virus (ZIKV) caused an outbreak in Brazil, in 2015, being associated to microcephaly. ZIKV has a strong neurotropism leading to death of infected cells in different brain regions, including the hippocampu...
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Journal of Neuroinflammation