Degenerative Disease
| | | | |
Alzheimer's Disease
|
Human
|
Entorhinal cortex and superior temporal gyrus mRNA; Brain microvessel, Senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, CSF protein
|
Chronic
|
[48, 80, 82-84]
|
Vascular Dementia
|
Human
|
CSF protein
|
Chronic
|
[84]
|
Parkinson's Disease
|
Human
|
CSF dopaminergic striatal brain regions, protein
|
Chronic
|
[85, 86]
|
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
|
Human
|
CSF and serum protein
|
Chronic
|
[87] [88]
|
Diabetic Neuropathy
|
Human
|
Plasma protein
|
Chronic
|
[89]
|
Acute Insult
| | | | |
Transient ischemia
|
Rat
|
Hippocampus/cerebellar protein; Hippocampal mRNA; Microglial mRNA and protein
|
20 min-12 weeks
|
[90-92] [93, 94]
|
Permanent ischemia
|
Human; rat; Baboon
|
Increased mRNA in ischemic and penumbral areas
|
1–15 days
|
[95-98]
|
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
|
Human
|
CSF protein
|
1–19 days
|
[99]
|
Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus
|
Human
|
CSF protein
|
1–14 days
|
[12, 13, 100]
|
Spinal cord injury
|
Human
|
Spinal cord mRNA
|
1–48 h
|
[101]
|
Triethyltin exposure
|
Mouse
|
Cortical mRNA
|
6 hrs
|
[102]
|
Excitotoxic lesion (NMDA)
|
Rat
|
Gray matter surrounding the lesion
| |
[103]
|
Status epilepticus
|
Rat
|
Hippocampal
|
1–3 weeks
|
[104]
|
Kainic acid or deafferentation-induced neurodegeneration
|
Rat
|
Reactive microglia, mRNA
| |
[105, 106]
|
Spinal cord Contusion
|
Rat
|
Spinal cord mRNA
|
0.25–10 days
|
[107]
|
Penetrating brain Injury
|
Rat
|
Perilesional activated glia, meningeal cells, choroid plexus mRNA and protein
|
1–14 days
|
[108, 109]
|
Experimentally induced glaucoma
|
Monkey
|
Optic nerve head protein
|
Chronic
|
[110]
|
Autoimmune Disease
| | | | |
Multiple Sclerosis
|
Human
|
CSF protein; Mononuclear cells from blood and CSF, mRNA; Serum protein during relapses; Peri-lesional hypertrophic astrocytes, protein
|
Chronic
|
[111-114]
|
Chronic relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalitis
|
Mouse
|
Spinal cord mRNA
|
Chronic
|
[115]
|
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalitis
|
Rat
|
Spinal cord T-cell, monocyte, and microglia mRNA
|
Acute
|
[116]
|
Guillan-Barré Syndrome
|
Human
|
Serum and circulating monocyte protein
|
Plateau phase
|
[117, 118]
|
Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis
|
Rat
|
Macrophage, microglia, meningeal cells, and T-cell infiltrates
|
Acute
|
[116, 119]
|
Infection
| | | | |
CMV encephalitis
|
Human/mouse
|
Astrocyte mRNA
|
5-13d after infection
|
[120]
|
ME7 scrapie model
|
Mouse
|
Brain mRNA
| |
[121]
|
Bacterial Meningitis
|
Rat Human
|
CSF cellular mRNA CSF protein Brain mRNA, CSF protein
|
Acute
|
[122-124]
|
Brain Abscess
|
Human
|
Peri-abscess and abscess extracellular matrix protein
|
Chronic
|
[125]
|