Increased interleukin-17 in the cerebrospinal fluid in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: a case-control study of rapidly progressive dementia

Table 2 Cytokine profiles in the cerebrospinal fluid

Cytokine (pg/ml)	Control		CJD		Encephalitis		P values (vs. Control)
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	CJD	Encephalitis
IL-1β	0.2371	0.2433	0.4871	0.4529	0.1471	0.2015	NS	NS
IL-1ra	0	0	18.43	12.38	18.49	13.81	<0.001	<0.001
IL-2	0.6736	1.068	0.7757	1.007	0.1200	0.3007	NS	NS
IL-4	0.1800	0.0854	0.5843	0.6772	0.3207	0.3526	NS	NS
IL-5	0.4686	0.3360	0.2250	0.3128	0.5514	0.5287	NS	NS
IL-6	5.911	1.834	12.36	28.79	14.48	16.42	NS	NS
IL-7	0.3593	0.5244	1.196	2.301	0.9507	0.9143	NS	NS
IL-8/CXCL8	57.38	14.30	78.63	49.37	130.9	115.9	NS	<0.05
IL-9	10.80	2.974	11.06	6.014	34.32	55.89	NS	<0.01
IL-10	1.178	0.5076	1.246	1.300	2.871	3.246	NS	NS
IL-12(p70)	0.4243	0.5698	1.656	1.790	5.481	8.797	NS	<0.001
IL-13	3.204	2.282	2.081	1.845	5.210	7.876	NS	NS
IL-15	5.691	4.372	6.366	4.853	20.19	13.01	NS	<0.05
IL-17	3.454	7.814	35.46	44.40	32.16	27.14	<0.001	<0.001
Eotaxin/CCL11	0	0	3.236	5.317	3.117	7.441	NS	<0.05
FGF-2	7.244	4.743	15.72	12.14	55.16	31.04	NS	<0.001
G-CSF	6.539	2.477	10.92	7.283	13.51	8.212	NS	<0.05
GM-CSF	339.6	30.78	166.2	103.9	184.7	139.6	<0.01	<0.01
IFN-γ	9.297	3.523	21.33	32.72	17.13	14.67	NS	NS
IP-10/CXCL10	1299	342.5	1602	866.9	6140	8906	NS	<0.05
MCP-1/CCL2	318.2	118.9	372.7	425.8	357.8	164.2	NS	NS
MIP-1α/CCL3	0.7614	0.3028	0.4243	0.8461	2.481	3.056	<0.05	NS
MIP-1β/CCL4	27.38	10.65	31.19	17.70	44.48	24.73	NS	NS
PDGF-BB	1.196	3.278	3.638	3.016	16.24	24.69	NS	<0.001
RANTES/CCL5	3.168	3.691	4.958	4.583	6.134	5.396	NS	NS
TNF-α	6.481	1.837	13.17	10.79	40.68	23.12	NS	<0.001
VEGF	12.88	2.234	9.086	6.164	18.51	17.16	NS	NS

CJD, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease; G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; GM-CSF, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor; IFN-γ, interferon-γ; IL, interleukin; IL-1ra, IL-1 receptor antagonist; IP-10, interferon-inducible protein-10; MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1; MIP, macrophage inflammatory protein; NS, not significant; PDGF-BB, platelet-derived growth factor BB; RANTES, regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted; SD, standard deviation; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.

ISSN: 1742-2094