Figure 4

Effect of ET-1 on immunoreactive CCL2, CXCL1 and CX3CL1 released from cultured astrocytes. Astrocytes were cultured in serum-free MEM in the absence or presence of 100 nM ET-1 for the times indicated. Concentrations of immunoreactive CCL2, CXCL1 and CX3CL1 in the culture medium were measured by ELISA. Results are the mean ± SEM of six to eight experiments. *P <0.05, **P <0.01 versus no ET-1 by one-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s PLSD test. ANOVA, analysis of variance; ET, endothelin; MEM, minimal essential medium; PLSD, protected least significant difference; SEM, standard error of the mean.