Figure 3
Effect of morphine on CCL2 production by human neurons, microglial cells, and astrocytes. Cell culture supernatants were collected from A) highly enriched neuronal cell, B) microglial cell, and C) astrocyte cultures treated with medium (control) or morphine (10-6 M) for the given time points and assayed for CCL2 by ELISA. Data are mean ± SD of triplicates and are representative of three separate experiments using cells derived from different brain specimens. **P < 0.01 versus control.