Figure 4

Effects of GTS on plasma proinflammatory cytokines levels in different groups post LPS or saline challenge. Mice were treated as in Figure 1. Plasma was collected 4 h after saline or LPS challenge. Cytokines were determined using commercial ELISA kits. The plasma concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α 4 h post LPS or saline challenge are represented in Figures 4A, 4B, and 4C (n = 8 mice for each group). The data are expressed as mean ± SEM. For statistical significance, a: p < 0.01 compared with the vehicle/saline group, b: p < 0.05 compared with the vehicle/LPS group. c: p < 0.01 or p < 0.05 compared with the LPS/GTS group.