From: Neuroimmune crosstalk in the central nervous system and its significance for neurological diseases
Properties | Microglia | Astrocyte | Neuron |
---|---|---|---|
Innate immunity | |||
PRRs | High [16–19] | High [20] | Low [21] |
Phagocytic receptors | High [16–19] | Low [20] | Unknown |
Cytokine production | |||
Pro-inflammatory | Yes [16–19] | Yes [10, 20, 22] | Yes [8, 23] |
Anti-inflammatory | Yes [16–19] | Yes [10, 20, 22] | Yes [23–28] |
Adaptive immunity | |||
MHC classes | I & II [17, 29] Inducible | I & II [22, 29–31] Low/inducible | I [32] Inducible |
Co-stimulatory molecules | Inducible [17, 29] | Low/inducible | Unknown |
Antigen presentation | Yes [17, 29] | Controversial [29] | Unknown |
T-cell differentiation | Th1, Th2 [17, 29, 33] | Th2 [33, 34], | Largely unknown |
Th1 [33, 34], | |||
Treg [35, 36] | |||
Induction of apoptosis | |||
T cells | Yes [18, 29, 37–41] | Yes [18, 29, 37–41] | Yes [18, 29, 37–41] |
Microglia | Yes [18, 29, 37–41] (self-limiting) | Yes [18, 29, 37–41] | Yes [18, 29, 37–41] |