Figure 4

TLR4 regulates microglial activation. Primary microglial cells were transfected with TLR4 siRNA (100 nM) or control (siControl) for 48 hours and then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (10 ng/ml) for 24 hours. (a) Suppression of TLR4 expression by TLR4 siRNA. (b) Quantification of IL-6 and TNF-α production in media, **P <0.01 versus the response to medium alone. ^## P <0.01 versus LPS treatment groups. The data are presented as the mean ± s.e.m. of three independent experiments. (c) The cells were stained with ED8 antibody and upregulated ED8-immunopositive expression (green) on activated microglia was observed using confocal. The blue staining represents DAPI. Scale bar 50 μm.