Figure 1

Astrocytes enhance microglial TNF production after poly(I:C) stimulation. (A) TNF levels from supernatants of mono- and co-cultures of microglia and astrocytes following stimulation with or without poly(I:C) (50 μg/ml) for 24 hours. Results are combined means ± SE of seven independent experiments. (B) Synergistic effect of astrocytes on microglial TNF is dependent on astrocyte number. Microglia were added in increasing numbers to microglia or astrocyte monocultures, and stimulated with poly(I:C) (50 μg/ml) for 24 hours and TNF measured from the supernatants. Results are combined means ± SE of three independent experiments. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.