Figure 2

mTBI induces impairments in performance in both a Y-maze and novel object recognition (NOR) preference index paradigms that are ameliorated by 3,6′-dithiothalidomide when administered up to 12 but not 18 h post injury. (A) Performance of mice was quantitatively assessed in a Y-maze and (B) in a NOR paradigm at 7 days following mTBI as a preference index that was calculated as (time associated with the novel − time with the old arm or object)/(time with the novel + time with the old arm or object). Values are mean ± SEM values; a one-way ANOVA indicates that mTBI animals had a deficit in spatial (Y-maze) and visual (NOR) memory performance compared with all the other groups (*p < 0.05) with the exception of animals dosed with 3,6′-dithiothalidomide at 18 h post injury. No differences were found between any of the other groups (control (sham) 1 and 12 h 3,6′-dithiothalidomide dosing), suggesting complete amelioration by 3,6′-dithiothalidomide when administered within 12 h of injury.