Figure 2

Poly-IC postconditioning activates the TLR3/IRF3 signaling pathway and increases the IFN-β levels and subsequently downregulates TLR/NF-κB signaling to decrease the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. DAMPs, damage-associated molecular patterns; TLR, toll-like receptor; TRIF, TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β; IRF, interferon regulatory factor; IFN, interferon; Poly-IC, polycytidylic acid.