Figure 1

Experimental protocol. Schematic (A) shows the timeline of ATK treatment (7.5 mg/kg body weight) at 2 h after CEC begun day 0 and continued for 14 days. Pain was evaluated from days 1 to 5, and motor function was assessed from days 1 to 14 after CEC. Schematic (B) shows the location of placement of two silicone gel blocks implanted into the epidural spaces of L4 to L5 and L5 to L6 vertebrae, and schematic (C) shows the dimension of silicone gel block.