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Fig. 1 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 1

From: 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 attenuates endotoxin-induced production of inflammatory mediators by inhibiting MAPK activation in primary cortical neuron-glia cultures

Fig. 1

Effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, nitrite accumulation, and interleukin (IL)-6 and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2 production. Cultured cells were treated with LPS (100 ng/ml) for the indicated time periods. a ROS production by cells was detected by DCF fluorescence. The y-axis of the graph is expressed in DCF fluorescent arbitrary units (AU). b After treatment, the culture medium was collected to analyze levels of nitrite accumulation. c The culture medium was collected to analyze levels of IL-6 and MIP-2. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n = 5 in each group). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs. the control (Cont.)

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Journal of Neuroinflammation

ISSN: 1742-2094