Fig. 2

TLR agonists up-regulate pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression at 6 and 24 h in purified rat cortical microglia. Cells were challenged with a LPS (100 ng/ml); b zymosan (10 μg/ml); c poly(I:C) (50 μg/ml) and processed after 6 and 24 h for IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expression by RT-PCR. Data are means ± SEM (triplicate culture wells) normalized to GAPDH levels and are representative of three experiments. **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 vs control (‘Ctr’)