Fig. 2

Localization of brainstem catecholaminergic cell groups (LC, A1, and A2) and forebrain areas in the rat brain (a-f) and diameters of punching needles used for their microdissections. Axons of A1 and A2 noradrenergic cell groups are a part of the ascending ventral noradrenergic bundle (VNB) innervating hypothalamus. Axons of the locus coeruleus (LC/A6) cell group constitute the ascending dorsal noradrenergic bundle (DNB) providing noradrenergic innervation of hippocampal cornu ammonis (CA) and dentate gyrus (DG), nucleus basalis of the Meynert (NBM), as well as frontal (FCx) and temporal cortex (TCx). Red circles norepinephrine synthesizing cell groups. Blue circles forebrain structures innervated by the locus coeruleus. Modified according to [23, 48, 49]