Fig. 3

Synergistic and preventative effects of TGFβ₁ on IL-1β-induced inflammatory protein secretion. Primary human brain pericytes were treated with vehicle (1 mM citric acid, pH 3 with 0.1 % BSA) or 10 ng/mL TGFβ₁ for 24 h followed by a further 24 h in the presence of 10 ng/mL IL-1β or vehicle (0.1 % BSA in PBS). Conditioned media was collected and the concentration of secreted proteins (sVCAM-1 (a), CX3CL1 (b), MCP-1 (c), IL-8 (d) and IL-6 (e)) was determined by a multiplex cytometric bead array. One representative experiment (N = 4 wells) from three independent experiments is shown. ***p < 0.001 (ANOVA)