Fig. 9
SC inflammation induces inflammation and RGC loss in both retinas. a Whole flat-mounted retina double-immunolabeled with Iba1 and CD68 in naïve, right, and left eyes of TNFα-injected rats. Arrows show colocalization between markers. Scale bar = 100 μm. b Quantification of Iba1 + CD68+ cells per retina in the naïve group (n = 6), right eye (n = 6), and left eye (n = 6) groups. RT-qPCR analysis for GFAP (c), CD68 (d), and IL-1β (e) mRNA levels in naïve, left, and right retinas. For each marker, mRNA levels are presented as a fold change relative to naïve rats after normalization with respect to the housekeeping gene (GAPDH). Each bar is the mean ± SEM. n = 8–10 animals/group. Results are expressed in arbitrary units and correspond to the means ± SEM. f Quantitation of RGCs loss in the projecting retina after TNFα stereotaxic microinjection into the right SC. The resulting values were expressed in surface units corresponding to 306,804 μm2. We performed a one-way ANOVA followed by the Dunnett multiple comparisons test: **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001 and the Kruskal–Wallis test for GFAP, and IL-1β