Fig. 8

Celastrol reduced atRAL-induced oxidative stress in APRE19 cells. ARPE19 cells were pretreated with celastrol at indicated concentrations for 30 min prior to incubation of atRAL at 20 μM for 6 h. DCF-DA was then added to cells at 400 nM and incubated at 37 °C for 10 min. Cells was imaged for fluorescent signal indicative of ROS production under the same exposure setting using IncuCyte ZOOM (a). Fluorescence quantification was performed by IncuCyte ZOOM software under the setting of green fluorescence integrated intensity. Relative fluorescence intensities were calculated for statistical analyses (b). Data were expressed as mean ± S.E.M. (n = 4 per group). Scale bar: 150 μm. *Compared to that from vehicle-treated cells without atRAL and celastrol incubation, p < 0.05; ^#compared to that from atRAL-stimulated vehicle-treated cells, p < 0.05