Fig. 1
From: Role of docosahexaenoic acid in the modulation of glial cells in Alzheimer’s disease
DHA modulation of gene transcription through the action of RXR/PPARγ transcription factors heterodimers. DHA is cut from PLs in cellular membranes by the action of iPLA2. DHA is oxygenated by the action of LOX, or alternatively by the action of COX2. The products of DHA oxygenation are docosanoids, such as NPD1 and RvD1. DHA is a ligand for RXR and NPD1 for PPARγ. Activation of RXR and PPARγ leads to the formation of RXR/PPARγ, which binds to a PPAR response element, in the promoter region of target genes [38], thus modulating inflammation, lipid metabolism, and cellular differentiation. DHA docosahexaenoic acid, PL phospholipids, iPLA 2 independent phospholipase A2, LOX lipoxygenases, COX2 cyclooxygenase 2, NPD1 neuroprotectin D1, RvD1 resolvin D1, RXR retinoid X receptor, PPARγ peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma, RXR/PPARγ heterodimers of nuclear transcription factors RXR and PPARγ. Activation is indicated by black arrows and modulation by the black gaped arrow