Fig. 4

CNO and NDC inhibit LPS-induced release of proinflammatory factors. Rat primary mesencephalic neuron-glia cultures were pretreated with NDC or CNO for 30 min before LPS stimulation. a, b The production of superoxide was measured by SOD-inhibitable reduction of WST-1. c–f The levels of TNF-α (c, d) and NO (e, f) in the supernatant were measured 3 and 24 h after LPS treatment, respectively. Results are expressed as the mean ± SEM or as a percentage of LPS group (mean ± SEM) from five independent experiments performed in triplicate. **p < 0.01, ^# p < 0.05, ^## p < 0.01