Fig. 3

Effect of CTB on the mRNA expression of cytokines and transcriptional factors in the ischemic brain after MCAO. a The level of IL-1β mRNA expression in the sham ischemic hemisphere of the CTB-sham group was not significantly different from that of the sham group. CTB dose-dependently downregulated the level of IL-1β mRNA expression in the ischemic brain. b The level of TNF-α mRNA expression in the sham ischemic hemisphere of the CTB-sham group was not significantly different from that of the sham group. CTB dose-dependently downregulated the level of TNF-α mRNA expression in the ischemic brain. c The levels of IL-17 mRNA expression in the sham ischemic hemisphere of the CTB-sham group at 24 and 72 h after ischemia were not significantly different from those of the sham group at 24 and 72 h after ischemia, respectively. CTB dose-dependently downregulated the levels of IL-17 mRNA expression in the ischemic brain both at 24 and 72 h after ischemia. d The levels of IL-10 mRNA expression in the sham ischemic hemisphere of the CTB-sham group at 24 and 72 h after ischemia were not significantly different from those of the sham group at 24 and 72 h after ischemia, respectively. CTB did not affect the levels of IL-10 mRNA expression at 24 h after ischemia, while it dose-dependently upregulated the levels of IL-10 mRNA expression at 72 h after ischemia. Anti-CD25 pretreatment had no impact on the levels of IL-10 mRNA expression at 24 h, while it attenuated the up-regulations of IL-10 mRNA expression at 72 h after ischemia, both in the CTB-L group and CTB-H group. e The levels of TGF-β mRNA expression in the sham ischemic hemisphere of the CTB-sham group at 24 and 72 h after ischemia were not significantly different from those of the sham group at 24 and 72 h after ischemia, respectively. CTB did not affect the levels of TGF-β mRNA expression at 24 h after ischemia, while it dose-dependently upregulated the levels of TGF-β mRNA expression at 72 h after ischemia. Anti-CD25 pretreatment had no impact on the levels of TGF-β mRNA expression at 24 h, while it attenuated the up-regulations of TGF-β mRNA expression at 72 h after ischemia, both in the CTB-L group and CTB-H group. f The level of NF-kB p65 mRNA expression in the sham ischemic hemisphere of the CTB-sham group was not significantly different from that of the sham group. CTB dose-dependently downregulated the level of NF-kB p65 mRNA expression in the ischemic brain. g The level of ERK1 mRNA expression in the sham ischemic hemisphere of the CTB-sham group was not significantly different from that of the sham group. CTB did not affect the level of ERK1 mRNA expression in the ischemic brain. h The level of ERK2 mRNA expression in the sham ischemic hemisphere of the CTB-sham group was not significantly different from that of the sham group. CTB did not affect the level of ERK2 mRNA expression in the ischemic brain. Bars represent mean ± SD (n = 8); *p < 0.05 vs MCAO group, and #p < 0.05 vs CTB-L group