Fig. 7

Effects of RBE on the release of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in LPS-activated microglia. Cells were pre-treated with RBE (50–300 μg/ml) followed by stimulation with or without LPS (10 ng/ml) for 24 h. Afterwards, release of a TNF-α, b IL-1β, and c IL-6 was analyzed by ELISA. Data are presented as percentage control of LPS. Results are expressed as means ± SEM of three to four independent experiments. Statistical analyses were carried out by using one-way ANOVA with post hoc Student-Newman-Keuls test (multiple comparisons). ^* p < 0.05; ^** p < 0.01; ^*** p < 0.001 compared with LPS (10 ng/ml)-activated cells