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Table 2 Comparison between expected additive effects and measured effects of TLR ligand interactions in embryonic ENS culture

From: TLR2 and TLR9 modulate enteric nervous system inflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide

Cytokine

TLR ligand combination

Expected additive effect (%)

Measured effect (%)

N

P

TNF-α

Pam2CSK4 + LPS

53.9 ± 8.5

52.1 ± 7.8

5

0.744

ODN 1826 + LPS

51.9 ± 8.5

100 ± 20.4

5

0.02

IL-6

Pam2CSK4 + LPS

43.7 ± 5.7

45 ± 8.5

5

0.729

ODN 1826 + LPS

42.3 ± 5.9

100 ± 24.8

5

0.048

MCP-1

Pam2CSK4 + LPS

91.5 ± 3.6

85.2 ± 5.3

5

0.102

ODN 1826 + LPS

88.2 ± 4.3

100 ± 5.4

5

0.02

  1. The mean production of TNF-α, IL-6 or MCP-1 elicited by ODN 1826 + LPS was considered as 100 % effect. The expected additive effect of the combination of two ligands was calculated according to the model of functional interaction, represented by the equation E(ODN+LPS)expected = E(ODN)measured + E(LPS)measured – E(ODN)measured * E(LPS)measured. Statistical comparisons were performed by means of randomised block design analysis to minimise the random effects due to intrinsic culture responsiveness