Fig. 5

Effect of EFX treatment on CCI-induced astrogliosis in rats 2 days post-injury. EFX (50 mg/kg, i.p.) or its vehicle were administered 30 min after surgery and 24 h after (n = 5/group). Astrogliosis was evaluated with GFAP immunostaining. TBI induced an increase in GFAP immunoreactivity in the ipsilateral side of the injury (p < 0.001). EFX treatment significantly reduced astrogliosis (p < 0.01) in injured animals in comparison with vehicle treatment. Images show representative sections from each group (ipsilateral and contralateral side). Data are mean + SEM. ^@@@ p < 0.001: comparison between sham-vehicle and sham-EFX groups; ^### p < 0.001: comparison between sham-vehicle and TBI-vehicle groups; **p < 0.01: comparison between TBI-vehicle and TBI-EFX groups