Fig. 2

Pharmacological blockade of TNFR1, but not TNFR2, reduced endothelial cell proliferation in the cerebral ischemic penumbra. a Frozen sections of ischemic penumbra taken from mice after 4, 7, or 14 days reperfusion following 90 min MCAO and having received daily i.c.v. injections of antibodies against TNFR1 or TNFR2 or control IgG, were dual-stained for CD31 (AlexaFluor-488) and the proliferation marker Ki67 (Cy-3). Scale bar = 100 μm. b Quantification of CD31/Ki67 (white arrowheads in a) dual-positive proliferating BECs, in which each experiment was performed with five different animals at different time-points post-ischemia. The results are expressed as the mean ± SEM of the number of CD31/Ki67 dual-positive cells per FOV. Note that the anti-TNFR1 antibody (at doses of 50 and 100 ng/day), but not the anti-TNFR2 antibody, resulted in significantly reduced endothelial proliferation in the penumbra at 4 and 7 days post-ischemia. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001 versus control