Fig. 1

Neuroinflammation. Representative slices stained for SIV gp41 (a–d), IBA-1 (e–h), CD68 (i–l), and CD163 (m–p). Note the extensive neuroinflammation in the SIV/+AIDS group (c, g, k, o) compared to the Control and SIV/-AIDS groups. SIV⁺ cells are only detectable in the SIV/+AIDS group. Antiretroviral treatment with 6-Cl-ddG lowers the degree of neuroinflammation, but not to base level (d, h, l, p). Scale bar (in a) 100 μm in a–p, 15 μm in insets