Fig. 3

Microglial activated status was influenced by PPARγ in the hippocampus. Pioglitazone decreased the number of Iba1⁺ microglia compared with the CMS mice. The Iba1⁺ microglial morphology was amoeboid, and the number of microglia increased in the animals after GW9662 treatment. Administration of pioglitazone and GW9662 had no effect on the microglia (b, n = 5). Enlarged figures indicate typical microglia (a). Scale bars: 10 μm. ^** p < 0.01 vs. Control; ^## p < 0.01 vs. CMS + Vehicle; ^$$ p < 0.01 vs. CMS + Piog. Data are expressed as means ± SEM