Fig. 6

Effects of SB treatment on the level of cytokines/chemokines in the brain after neonatal HI. Seven-day-old rats (PND7) were subjected to hypoxia-ischemia followed by 48 h or 6 days of recovery. SB or vehicle was administered directly after the onset of HI and for 2 or 5 consecutive days (determined by the experimental paradigm). The concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines (pg/ml): IL-1α (a), IL-1β (b), TNFα (c), and chemokine IP-10 (CXCL10) (d) were determined in the ipsilateral (injured) and contralateral hemispheres. Bar graphs represent statistical analysis of the data from indicated experimental groups: vehicle control (C), SB-treated control (C + SB), vehicle-treated hypoxia-ischemia (HI), and SB-treated hypoxia-ischemia (HI + SB). Note the suppression of HI-induced upregulation of IP-10 and IL-1β at 48 h and 6 days of recovery, respectively, after SB treatment. The values represent means ± SD from five animals in each group. The one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni test: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001. C control, ipsi ipsilateral, contra contralateral