Fig. 3

Astrocytes are the main source for early CCL2 induction within the affected substantia nigra of MPTP mice. a–g Immunofluorescence stainings showing colocalization of CCL2 (red, arrows) with GFAP (green, arrows) positive astrocytes (but not TH positive DA neurons; blue, open arrow in D’) within the SNpc of MPTP mice at 24 h after intoxication (the peak of CCL2 induction, see Fig. 2). a–d) Overview images of several CCL2/GFAP double-positive cells (arrows) (with enlargements in a’–d’). e–g Confocal images of CCL2/GFAP colocalization, with an orthogonal view in (g’). h–j) No colocalization of CCL2 (red, arrows) with Iba1 (green, arrowheads) positive microglial cells (or TH positive DA neurons; blue, see open arrow in enlargement, j’) within the SNpc of MPTP mice. (Scale bars; d and j , 200 μm; d’ and j’, 40 μm; g, 20 μm)