Fig. 2
From: Microglia amplify inflammatory activation of astrocytes in manganese neurotoxicity
Manganese directly induces dose- and time-dependent expression of inflammatory genes in microglia. Purified primary microglia were treated with increasing doses of MnCl2 (0–100 μM) and over time (at 100 μM MnCl2) to determine dose-dependent (left panels) and time-dependent (right panels) effects of Mn on Nos2 (a), Tnf (b), Il-1β (c), Il-6 (d), and caspase 1 (e) expression. Data are presented as fold change in mRNA ± SEM (one-way ANOVA; asterisks indicate significance from control with *p < 0.05 and ***p < 0.001)