Fig. 5

Kososan extract mitigated the stress-enhanced production of IL-6 from isolated microglia. On days 13–15, isolated microglia (5 × 10⁴ cells/well) were stimulated with PBS or lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.1 μg/ml) for 18 h and IL-6 levels in the cultured supernatants were examined. a The schematic representation of the experimental schedule for MI. b IL-6 levels of the supernatants in the absence or presence of LPS are shown. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 6–7 per group). *p < 0.05 according to Bonferroni’s post hoc test. CSDS chronic social defeat stress, MI microglia isolation, KS kososan