Fig. 4

NF-kB activity in IL-1β-treated microglia and astrocytes. a GFAP (blue), YFP (green), and p65 NF-kB (red) immunofluorescence in primary mixed glia cultures from CX3CR1-EYFP-Cre mice that were treated with PBS or IL-1β (50 ng/mL) for 30 min. In the far right column, DAPI labeling is shown in blue. Scale bar = 50 μm. Arrows indicate YFP-positive microglia with concentrated nuclear NF-κB expression. b Percentage of YFP-positive cells with concentrated nuclear NF-κB. c Luminescence in NF-κB Luc SIM-A9 cells that were co-cultured with WT mixed glia and treated with PBS or IL-1β (50 ng/mL) for 6 h. Data from two independent experiments were combined. n = 8 per group. d Luminescence in NF-κB Luc SIM-A9 cells that were seeded into the lower chambers of transwell plates containing WT mixed glia in the upper inserts. The mixed glia were treated with PBS or IL-1β (50 ng/mL) for 6 h. n = 3 per group. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs. PBS group