Fig. 4

ASH prevented hyperleptinemia and hyperinsulinemia. a Histograms represent the serum levels of leptin and insulin among LFD, HFD, LFDE, and HFDE rats (n = 8 each group). b Representative Western blot analysis for OB-Rb in the hippocampus and PC regions of rat brain. Histograms represent percent change in intensity taking value in LFD rats as 100%. c, d Histograms representing fold change in mRNA expression of OB-Rb, SOCS1, SOCS3, JAK2, STAT3, IRS1, and IRS2 in the hippocampus (c) and PC (d) regions of rat brain among the four groups of animals (n = 3–4 each group). Values are expressed as mean ± SEM. * p ≤ 0.05 LFD versus HFD, LFDE, and HFDE rats, ^# p ≤ 0.05 HFD versus HFDE rats, ^$ p ≤ 0.05 HFD versus LFDE rats, ^@ p ≤ 0.05 LFDE versus HFDE rats, Holm–Sidak method after one-way ANOVA